Its wrong because the period goes inside the quotation mark. Supra refers to material that has already appeared in the document and it has its own rule at 4. But see is used for authority that, while not directly contradicting the main proposition, nonetheless clearly opposes it. When referring to a case by name alone, underline and cite fully with a citation sentence or citation clause. Periods with quotation marks grammar and punctuation. When instead they form the verb of a sentence that includes the citation they are not italicized or underlined. Citation practices and the bluebook cuny school of law. Thus far, this guide has described how to cite cases in long form, i. Contra is used whenever the cited authority directly states a contradictory proposition and so is essentially the contradictory form of no signal. The most frequently used are probably no signal, e.
After you create this free account, to access the quick style guide, you should log in with your email address and password on the home page. In a diverse and rapidly changing legal profession, the bluebook continues to provide a systematic method by which members of the profession communicate important information to one another about the sources and legal authorities upon. None of us anticipated seeing the book on the new york times bestseller list, but we took note since the bluebook is the appellate lawyers bible for legal citation. No comma separates the signal from the rest of the. A case or statute should be shortcited if it appears within the five previous endnotes. If specific page you cite is the same as preceding citation, just cite as id. Us army court of criminal appeals citation guide eighth. Parentheticals bluebook citation libguides at florida. Manual, you may default to the bluebook citation style. The bluebook does a pretty good job of giving examples of the particular statute you may be citing.
Generations of law students, lawyers, scholars, judges, and other legal professionals have relied on the bluebooks unique system of citation in their writing. Authors names and periodical titles are not underlined. But see is used when the citation clearly supports a proposition contradictory to the textual assertion, and. It is used to refer to the immediately preceding authority.
The bluebook uses two methods of abbreviating words. This book is a reference guide that, believe it or not, will be just about the only book you take from law school into your practice as a lawyer. Just as substantive law changes, citation rules also. In court documents, the case name is underlined or italicized. It just shifts it over since the characters bases all get shifted. An apostrophe is used before the last letter but no period. Italicize foreign words or phrases unless theyre in common english usage.
Because you will often cite a case and other legal materials multiple times in a document, the bluebook has established a short form for use in subsequent citations. Citing to the record in briefs marquette university law. The fastest way to collect all of the citation information for a case is to highlight the specific text you would like to cite and use the databases copy with citation feature. Only finish a citation clause with a period if it is the last clause in a sentence. The central function of a legal citation is to allow the reader to efficiently locate the cited source. The bluebook is an example of absolute efficiency in the formulation and expression of the rules of legal citation. Richard posner is my new hero the baseline scenario. For example, in the colyer case judge anderson determined that mere membership in the communist party was not a threat to the country. Since the period is part of the abbreviation, you italicize it. Despite their cursory treatment in the bluebook, signals are important tools of legal. In academic writing, the case name is in normal type in footnotes and italicized in text. Notice that the period is also underlined when you use id. The contraction technique takes the first three letters of a word plus the last letter. Citing to the record in briefs marquette university law school.
The bluebook provides a list of words and phrases in common usage. The following information regarding the bluebook citation format is an adapted version of the style and for. Law school bluebook basics one of the books that all 1l law students are required to purchase is the bluebook. However, if you move the period inside the final quotation mark, it then directly follows the question mark creating double punctuation, what is the fbar. Weird bluebook rules bluebook citations libguides at william s. Just keep in mind that ids are used to save space, but should never get in the way of clear source citation.
Because id is an abbreviation, always follow it with a period, and either underline or italicize the term. For example, in the bluebook you have to underline the period at the end of id. If an article or essay appears within a book, underline the title of the article or essay as well as that of the book. Citation format examples for footnotes general rules times new roman, size 10, 1 line spacing, justified. Underline case names in text no italics and always give the full case name the first time you cite it. If the citation refers to the entire sentence, it comes after the period in the sentence. The supreme court adopted a broad reading of the commerce clause during the new deal, see wickard v. A quiet buzz circulated last january at the appellate practice sections publications committee to the effect that a new edition of the bluebook had been published. This is a free account to access the bluebook quick style guide only. Always underline the title of a book or the title of an article appearing in a periodical. When citing a case name in full, do not underline the case name in the endnote rule 10. The remainder of the bluebook employs a more complex array of typeface conventions, including ordinary roman type, italics, and l. The main rule that describes the short form for cases is rule 10.
One citation sentence may contain multiple citations separated by. With that in mind, here is a list of some of the more obscure bluebook rules. Always check the blue pages in the back of the bluebook table 1 to. Citing cases bluebook guide guides at georgetown law.
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